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Cover of The Transformations of Magic: Illicit Learned Magic in the Later Middle Ages and Renaissance

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Solomonic Magic & the Grimoires

The Transformations of Magic

Illicit Learned Magic in the Later Middle Ages and Renaissance

by Frank Klaassen

A Magic in History monograph that surveys the surviving English manuscripts of ritual magic from roughly 1300 to 1600 to see who copied them and why. Klaassen distinguishes between image magic, generally tolerated as natural philosophy, and ritual necromancy, and traces how both were transformed by humanism, the Reformation and print. Rigorous yet readable, it is essential for understanding the real readership of the grimoires before the modern occult revival.

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